Quick revision CrPC 1973 : Ask trick to summarize the most important subjects of law

Investigation and Procedure under CrPC

1. Section 41: Power of police to arrest without a warrant. Illustration: If a police officer has credible information about a person’s involvement in a serious offense, they can arrest the person without a warrant.
2. Section 91: Summons to produce document or other thing. Illustration: A court can issue a summons to a person to produce a specific document as evidence in a case.
3. Section 125: Order for maintenance of wives, children, and parents. Illustration: A husband who neglects or refuses to maintain his wife can be ordered by the court to provide financial support.
4. Section 145: Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause a breach of peace. Illustration: When there is a dispute over land ownership between two parties, the magistrate can initiate proceedings to prevent a breach of peace.
5. Section 161: Examination of witnesses by the police. Illustration: During an investigation, the police can examine witnesses to gather information about the offense.

FIR and Investigation under CrPC

6. Section 154: Information in cognizable cases. Illustration: A person informs the police about a robbery. The police record the information as the First Information Report (FIR).
7. Section 156: Police officer’s power to investigate cognizable cases. Illustration: The police officer can start an investigation into a cognizable offense without waiting for a formal complaint.
8. Section 173: Report of police officer on completion of investigation. Illustration: After investigating a case, the police submit a report to the Magistrate with the findings and evidence collected.

Trial and Procedure under CrPC

9. Section 200: Examination of complainant. Illustration: The complainant is questioned by the Magistrate to provide firsthand information about the offense.
10. Section 226: Trial of summons cases by Magistrates. Illustration: A Magistrate conducts the trial of an offense that requires a summons to be issued to the accused.
11. Section 243: Evidence for defense. Illustration: The accused presents their evidence in court to defend themselves against the charges.
12. Section 304: Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings. Illustration: The court can delay the proceedings if circumstances require more time for proper presentation of the case.

Sentencing and Execution under CrPC

13. Section 354: Delivery of judgment. Illustration: The judge reads out the verdict and sentence after evaluating the evidence presented in court.
14. Section 360: Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition. Illustration: The court may release a first-time offender on probation or after a stern warning, based on the individual’s behavior.
15. Section 432: Power to suspend or remit sentences. Illustration: The government can suspend or reduce a sentence imposed on a convict.
16. Section 438: Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest. Illustration: A person who anticipates arrest can seek anticipatory bail from the court to avoid being taken into custody.

Special Procedures under CrPC

17. Section 497: Bail in case of non-bailable offenses. Illustration: The court may grant bail to a person accused of a non-bailable offense if certain conditions are met.
18. Section 498A: Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty. Illustration: A wife complains of harassment and cruelty by her husband and in-laws. They can be charged under this section.
19. Section 498B: Dowry offenses. Illustration: If a woman dies within seven years of her marriage under suspicious circumstances, her husband and in-laws can be charged under this section if there’s evidence of dowry-related cruelty.
20. Section 498C: Offense of violence or abuse against a woman by her husband or relative. Illustration: If a woman is subjected to cruelty or harassment for dowry, her husband or relatives can be charged under this section.
21. Section 499: Defamation. Illustration: If someone publishes a false statement about another person with the intention to harm their reputation, they may be charged with defamation.

Appellate Procedure under CrPC

22. Section 372: Right of appellant to be heard. Illustration: An appellant has the right to be heard in an appeal against their conviction or acquittal.
23. Section 374: Judgment in appeal. Illustration: The appellate court delivers its judgment, either confirming or overturning the lower court’s decision.
24. Section 378: Appeal in case of acquittal. Illustration: The state or complainant can appeal against an acquittal if they believe the judgment was erroneous.

Summary Trials under CrPC

25. Section 260: Power to try summarily. Illustration: The court can conduct a summary trial for offenses with prescribed punishments of imprisonment up to two years.
26. Section 262: Judgment in cases tried summarily. Illustration: The court delivers a summary judgment after a summary trial, which is a simplified procedure for less serious offenses.
27. Section 265: Judgment in cases tried summarily. Illustration: The court delivers a summary judgment after a summary trial, which is a simplified procedure for less serious offenses.

Miscellaneous

28. Section 482: Saving of inherent powers of High Court. Illustration: The High Court can use its inherent powers to prevent abuse of the legal process or secure the ends of justice.
29. Section 497A: Husband of a woman below 18 years of age. Illustration: If a man has sexual intercourse with a woman below 18 years of age with or without her consent, he can be charged under this section.
30. Section 498D: Offense of cruelty against a woman by her husband or relatives. Illustration: If a woman is subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or relatives, they can be charged under this section.

These illustrations provide a brief understanding of how the mentioned sections might be applied. It’s important to note that each case’s facts and circumstances can vary significantly, leading to different interpretations and outcomes. For a comprehensive understanding of the CrPC and its sections, legal expertise and thorough reading of the law are essential.

Evidence and Witnesses under CrPC

31. Section 506: Power to order security for keeping the peace. Illustration: The court can order a person to provide security to ensure they don’t engage in any criminal activities that might breach the peace.
32. Section 509: Word, gesture, or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman. Illustration: If a person uses a derogatory word, gesture, or act to insult a woman’s modesty, they can be charged under this section.
33. Section 511: Punishment for attempting to commit offenses punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment. Illustration: A person who attempts to commit a serious offense but is unsuccessful can still be punished under this section.

Execution of Sentences under CrPC

34. Section 510: Suspension of sentence pending the appeal; release of appellant on bail. Illustration: An appellant convicted of an offense and sentenced to imprisonment may be released on bail during the appeal process.
35. Section 511A: Special provision for payment of fine by a person who is sentenced to death. Illustration: A person sentenced to death may be given the option to pay a fine instead, in cases where the law allows this option.

Special Powers of the High Court

36. Section 561A: Saving of inherent powers of the High Court. Illustration: The High Court can use its inherent powers to pass orders in cases not covered by the CrPC, to prevent abuse of the process of the court.

Offenses Against the State

37. Section 121: Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India. Illustration: A group of individuals planning to overthrow the government and establish a new system can be charged under this section.
38. Section 124A: Sedition. Illustration: If a person makes speeches or writings that incite violence against the government, they can be charged with sedition.

Appeals to the Supreme Court

39. Section 379: Appeal by High Court to Supreme Court. Illustration: The High Court can appeal to the Supreme Court if it believes that a substantial question of law is involved in a case.

Transfer of Criminal Cases

40. Section 406: Power to authorize the Chief Judicial Magistrate to withdraw cases under this chapter. Illustration: The Chief Judicial Magistrate can withdraw certain cases from his jurisdiction and transfer them to another court if required.

Maintenance of Public Order and Tranquility

41. Section 133: Conditional order for the removal of nuisance. Illustration: A magistrate can issue an order to remove a public nuisance that is causing annoyance to the public or obstructing a public place.
42. Section 144: Power to issue an order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger. Illustration: The District Magistrate can issue an order prohibiting the assembly of people in a certain area if there is a potential threat to public peace.

Apprehension of Offenders

43. Section 151: Arrest to prevent the commission of cognizable offenses. Illustration: The police can arrest a person to prevent them from committing a serious offense if there’s a reasonable belief that they might do so.

Bail under CrPC

44. Section 436: In what cases bail to be taken. Illustration: Bail can be granted to an accused person when their trial has not yet started, and they meet certain conditions.
45. Section 437: When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offense. Illustration: In certain non-bailable offenses, the court can grant bail if the accused person doesn’t pose a threat to the investigation.

Compounding of Offenses

46. Section 320: Compounding of offenses. Illustration: Certain offenses can be settled between the parties with the permission of the court, avoiding lengthy trials.

Attachment of Property

47. Section 83: Attachment of property of person absconding. Illustration: If a person evades arrest by absconding, their property can be attached by the court to ensure their presence.

Power to Issue Processes

48. Section 87: Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons. Illustration: If a person doesn’t respond to a summons, the court can issue a warrant for their arrest.

Powers of Court

49. Section 311: Power to summon material witness or examine a person present. Illustration: The court can summon a witness who is essential for the case, even if they haven’t been listed by either party.
50. Section 324: Power to order compensation. Illustration: The court can order the offender to pay compensation to the victim for injuries caused during the offense.